Obesity

1. Societal trend

Obesity is no longer surprise issue in our society even though the number of over weight people are keep growing rapidly. Many international organizations and governments are keep informing and warning about obesity, but the symptoms has been globalized. 

Chart 1. Obesity and overweight persons by OECD country (Robb,2010)

Chart 1 shows that majority of countries have overweight problems. Except 4 countries, about half and more adults in other counties are overweight.  Mexico and United States(U.S) have the most overweight and obesity adults in this chart. Especially 34 percents of U.S adults are obesity which is very serious. On the other hand, Korea and Japan are lowest countries among OECD countries. * India, Indonesia, China, Brazil, Russia,Estonia, South Africa are not member of OECD *  

U.S, New Zealand, Australia, United Kingdom (U.K), Canada, and Ireland which 'English -speaking counties' are high ranked in this chart. It can be explained that similar culture and life style may influence to others.  U.K is the highest obesity country in Europe. New Zealand and Australia could get influence from U.K. Mexico which is the second highest obesity country is special case. Although language and culture are different from English-speaking countries, Mexico is adjoined to U.S, so they may influenced a lot foods and eating behavior from U.S.  Canada may have similar effect from U.S.

Third highest obesity country, New Zealand has a remarkable feature that obese people are concentrated on specific race.  Around 70 % of Pacific islanders are obese. This rate is twice more than European race and six times more than Asian people. It seems the life style and eating behavior of  various races reflects on this result. 

Chart 2. Proportion of population,15 years and over, who are obese (Statistics New Zealand,2014)

There are hundreds of TV shows and movies from U.S and it is very easy to see their life style. A number of fast-food, doughnut, and ice dream brands of U.S are advancing abroad. Normally these foods are high calories and containing huge amount of sugar or salt.  The other features of these foods are easy to take away and the price is cheap. Thus, these foods are everywhere and many people be tempted  easily. It means people living in other countries will have more opportunity to be obese like people in U.S. Chart 3 shows the future obesity rate.

Chart 3. Future obesity rate by OECD country (Robb,2010)

   

Every country will increase the number of obesity people in the future. In 2020, 75% people of U.S will be obese.  Even Korea which is the lowest will have around 35% of obesity in 2020.  

2. Impact the trend on society

Being obese brings a lot of bad effects to the human body. According to  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2013), overweight and obesity can cause various vessel diseases. High cholesterol in the blood vessel makes the vessel stiff and it causes damage on the surface of vessel. Fat in the cholesterol deposit onto the scar and eventually it narrows the vessel down.   

Chart 4 Coronary Artery Disease(CDC.2013)

It calls 'Coronary Artery Disease' (CAD). People who has CAD can have high blood pressure. Hypertension makes the heart to strain and it is very close to heart disease.

Not only CAD, obesity can brings other disease.  People who are overweight or obese have high risk for developing diabetes,cancers, stroke, liver and gallbladder disease, and sleeping breathing problems(CDC, 2013). 

In Korean, the number of people who are suffering from those disease are increasing rapidly. Chart 5 shows that  in 2013, about 1,288,000 of people visited hospital with  hyperlipidemia. Since 2008, the total patients number of hyperlipidemia has increased about twice. Many experts in Korea pointed the main reason for this trends is chaining life style and having lots of western foods.

 Chart 5. the number of hyperlipidemia in Korea (Yonhap news,2014)

Another serious impact from the obesity trend is childhood obesity. Every year the number of obese children is increasing fast. Even though many health and disease organizations, schools and governments try to reduce the rate of childhood obesity, it is not controlled in fact. This is one of our sad trends recently.  

Figure 1. Childhood obesity campaign poster (Hiskey, 2011)

References

Coronary artery disease. (2013). Retrieved from 

http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/coronary_ad.htm

Hiskey,M(2011). A scary situation - the rise of chilhood obesity in Geogia. Retrieved from  http://saportareport.com/blog/2011/10/childrens-healthcare-seeking-to-reduce-childhood-obesity-in-georgia/

Obesity. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/snapshots-of-nz/nz-social-indicators/Home/Health/obesity.aspx

Robb, D (2010). World obesity stats - 2010 and beyond. Retrieved from http://www.hivehealthmedia.com/world-obesity-stats-2010/

The health effects of overweight and obesity. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/effects/

The number of hyperlipidemia in Korea. (2014). Retrieved from http://m.yna.co.kr/kr/contents/?cid=AKR20140606077500017&site=box_fav

Innovation of film

The invention of film

       Thomas Edison's employee William Kennedy Laurie Dickenson, created a machine which is capturing a sequence of imagines.  Based on this idea, Edison introduced two inventions to public in 1893. First invention was 'Kinetograph' which was kind of moving picture camera (Filmbug,2014). The other one was 'kinetoscope'. People could see moving images through the small hole of kinetoscope. Since the small hole, the machine was more suitable for private and individual (Jung, 2013).

Figure 1- Kinetoscope (Manley, 2011)



After introducing kinetoscope, a motion picture camera created by several inventors.

    Louis Lumiere was one of them and his machine 'Cinematographe' created in 1895, had three functions: portable motion picture camera, film progressing unit and projector.
28 of December in 1895, he introduced his invention to the public with 20 of short movies.
Comparing with kinetoscope, cinematogrphe was designed that a number of people could watch moving image (Jung, 2013).

Film projector

   Short after similar device as kinetoscope were introduced and further year, other device which  projecting moving image onto the screen was introduced.  'Vitascope' created by Edison's company allowed many people come to theater and watch the movie at the same time.

Figure 2 - Vitascope (Manley, 2011)

During 1896, movie was getting popular to the public and many projection machines were invented rapidly with new movies.  Eidelscope, Kinematograhe, Cinematographe, and Bioscope were invested this time (Manley, 2011).

Sound

      Until late 1920s, it was no sound on the movie because there was not any piratical method. Therefore, live musicians mobilized for extra sound effects and intertitles were used to dialogue and narration
In 1926, Warner Bros. Hollywood studio introduced "Vitaphone' and during 1927 they sussed to put dialogues and sings in the move 'The Jazz singer'.  After this movie released a number of other devices were introduced such as Fox Movietone,DeForest Phonofilm and so on. The development of sound in the movie finally brought new genres -musical film (Filmbug, 2014).


Social impact

Before movie were invented, people watch plays in the theater. Movies was new entertainment for people and it changed many things in the society.
Movie industry was born these period of time (late 1890s). By introducing Vitascope, theaters were opened and film makers kept create new movies. This new trend spared  U.S and Europe and people understood not only form of an art but also a form of profit. In 1896 many projectors were introduced by the demand of audiences and eventually more people had interested in movies. It even brought some bad effect such as quarrels and legal accusations (Manley, 2011).

Critical Thinking

The history of film was began with scientific invention. At the period time, people needed new entertainments and the interest of new inventions made the industry grew up rapidly. Introducing sound and editing technology made this as an art.   



References

Jung,H (2013). The history of movie technology, Korea, Communication books

Manley, B (2011). Moving pictures: The history of early Cinema. Retrieved form http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/film/review3.php

Filmbug (2014). Movie history. Retrieved from http://www.filmbug.com/dictionary/moviehistory.php